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A continuing theme of George Willis's research since he received a PhD from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1981 has been the interaction between algebra and topology. However, the focus of his research has shifted from analysis to algebra, and he has also moved from being primarily a problem solver to being a creator of new mathematics.

His early work was in functional analysis, which is an all-embracing framework for such fundamental techniques as Fourier and Laplace transforms and the spectral theory of linear operators. In a subject called `automatic continuity', he demonstrated that algebraic properties determine topological ones in many circumstances and he has also established the strongest known results that distinguish between approximate and exact factorization. Most notably, he showed in 1991 that the compact approximation property for Banach spaces does not imply the approximation property, thus answering a question that had been open for 20 years. This result sheds light on how well infinite-dimensional spaces may be approximated by finite-dimensional ones.

In his more recent work, since moving to Newcastle (Australia) in 1992, he has done much to create the modern structure theory of totally disconnected, locally compact groups by introducing the notions of scale, tidy subgroups and flatness. Some of this work has been surveyed in the book `Banach algebras and the general theory of *-algebras', Volume II, Cambridge University Press (2001) by T. W. Palmer, where it is called `Willis theory' and said to provide `a whole new level of insight'. It has also been described in Mathematical Reviews as offering `genuinely original insights' into a `notoriously intractable' subject. Links with ergodic theory, geometric group theory and with arithmetic groups are currently being explored, amongst others.

Research Expertise
Totally disconnected locally compact groups: A structure theory for these groups is being developed that is beginning to parallel the theory of Lie groups. Totally disconnected groups occur as symmetry groups of discrete structures and the theory has links with other areas of mathematics such as: number theory; harmonic analysis; graph theory; geometry of relational structure such as trees and buildings; CAT (0) and hyperbolic spaces; ergodic theory and dynamical systems; p-adic analysis; finite and profinite groups; and Lie and algebraic groups. The workshop Totally Disconnected Groups, Graphs and Geometry held in Blaubeuren, Germany, from May 7th-12th 2008, explored some of these links. The basics of the new structure theory are described at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totally_disconnected_group Beyond the spectrum: This research aims to develop methods for analyzing radical Banach algebras that would apply in realms beyond the reach of such widely applied spectral methods as: eigenvalues; the spectrum of linear operators; and the Fourier, Laplace and, more generally, Gel'fand transforms. Topological algebra: Other areas of topological algebra of interest include: approximate identities and factorization; random walks on groups; abstract harmonic analysis, cohomology of Banach algebras and amenability; operator algebras; and Banach space approximation properties